Hardest Water Cities — Ranked
174 cities · sorted by water hardness (GPG) · updated 2026
1St. George, UT24.1 GPG · 412 ppmVery Hard~$1,928/yr2Madison, WI21.3 GPG · 364 ppmVery Hard~$1,704/yr3Brandon, MB20.4 GPG · 349 ppmVery Hard~$1,632/yr4Dodge City, KS20.1 GPG · 344 ppmVery Hard~$1,608/yr5Hutchinson, KS19.8 GPG · 339 ppmVery Hard~$1,584/yr6Garden City, KS19.5 GPG · 333 ppmVery Hard~$1,560/yr7Waukesha, WI19.4 GPG · 332 ppmVery Hard~$1,552/yr8Guelph, ON19.2 GPG · 328 ppmVery Hard~$1,536/yr9Cape Coral, FL18.6 GPG · 318 ppmVery Hard~$1,488/yr10Indianapolis, IN18.5 GPG · 316 ppmVery Hard~$1,480/yr11Kansas City, MO18.5 GPG · 316 ppmVery Hard~$1,480/yr12Yuma, AZ18.2 GPG · 311 ppmVery Hard~$1,456/yr13Carmel, IN18.1 GPG · 309 ppmVery Hard~$1,448/yr14Fishers, IN17.9 GPG · 306 ppmVery Hard~$1,432/yr15Fort Myers, FL17.8 GPG · 304 ppmVery Hard~$1,424/yr16Moose Jaw, SK17.8 GPG · 304 ppmVery Hard~$1,424/yr17Fort Wayne, IN17.5 GPG · 299 ppmVery Hard~$1,400/yr18Midland, TX17.4 GPG · 298 ppmVery Hard~$1,392/yr19Salina, KS17.2 GPG · 294 ppmVery Hard~$1,376/yr20Odessa, TX16.9 GPG · 289 ppmVery Hard~$1,352/yr21Appleton, WI16.8 GPG · 287 ppmVery Hard~$1,344/yr22South Bend, IN16.8 GPG · 287 ppmVery Hard~$1,344/yr23Las Vegas, NV16.5 GPG · 282 ppmVery Hard~$1,320/yr24San Antonio, TX16.5 GPG · 282 ppmVery Hard~$1,320/yr25Medicine Hat, AB16.4 GPG · 280 ppmVery Hard~$1,312/yr26Bismarck, ND16.2 GPG · 277 ppmVery Hard~$1,296/yr27Laredo, TX16.2 GPG · 277 ppmVery Hard~$1,296/yr28Gilbert, AZ16.1 GPG · 275 ppmVery Hard~$1,288/yr29Clearwater, FL15.9 GPG · 272 ppmVery Hard~$1,272/yr30Mesa, AZ15.8 GPG · 270 ppmVery Hard~$1,264/yr31Henderson, NV15.7 GPG · 268 ppmVery Hard~$1,256/yr32St. Petersburg, FL15.7 GPG · 268 ppmVery Hard~$1,256/yr33Tempe, AZ15.6 GPG · 267 ppmVery Hard~$1,248/yr34Chandler, AZ15.5 GPG · 265 ppmVery Hard~$1,240/yr35Glendale, AZ15.2 GPG · 260 ppmVery Hard~$1,216/yr36Bakersfield, CA15.1 GPG · 258 ppmVery Hard~$1,208/yr37Peoria, AZ15 GPG · 257 ppmVery Hard~$1,200/yr38Phoenix, AZ15 GPG · 257 ppmVery Hard~$1,200/yr39Brownsville, TX14.8 GPG · 253 ppmVery Hard~$1,184/yr40Fort Lauderdale, FL14.8 GPG · 253 ppmVery Hard~$1,184/yr41Corpus Christi, TX14.6 GPG · 250 ppmVery Hard~$1,168/yr42Fargo, ND14.6 GPG · 250 ppmVery Hard~$1,168/yr43Swift Current, SK14.6 GPG · 250 ppmVery Hard~$1,168/yr44McAllen, TX14.5 GPG · 248 ppmVery Hard~$1,160/yr45Topeka, KS14.3 GPG · 245 ppmVery Hard~$1,144/yr46Green Bay, WI14.2 GPG · 243 ppmVery Hard~$1,136/yr47Sarasota, FL14.2 GPG · 243 ppmVery Hard~$1,136/yr48Albuquerque-Wells, NM14.1 GPG · 241 ppmVery Hard~$1,128/yr49West Palm Beach, FL13.9 GPG · 238 ppmVery Hard~$1,112/yr50Lansing, MI13.8 GPG · 236 ppmVery Hard~$1,104/yr51Sioux Falls, SD13.8 GPG · 236 ppmVery Hard~$1,104/yr52Lawton, OK13.7 GPG · 234 ppmVery Hard~$1,096/yr53Visalia, CA13.7 GPG · 234 ppmVery Hard~$1,096/yr54Manhattan, KS13.6 GPG · 233 ppmVery Hard~$1,088/yr55El Paso, TX13.5 GPG · 231 ppmVery Hard~$1,080/yr56Orlando, FL13.5 GPG · 231 ppmVery Hard~$1,080/yr57Provo, UT13.5 GPG · 231 ppmVery Hard~$1,080/yr58Salt Lake City, UT13.5 GPG · 231 ppmVery Hard~$1,080/yr59Barrie, ON13.4 GPG · 229 ppmVery Hard~$1,072/yr60Grand Island, NE13.4 GPG · 229 ppmVery Hard~$1,072/yr61Riverside, CA13.4 GPG · 229 ppmVery Hard~$1,072/yr62Joliet, IL13.2 GPG · 226 ppmVery Hard~$1,056/yr63Lethbridge, AB13.2 GPG · 226 ppmVery Hard~$1,056/yr64Twin Falls, ID13.2 GPG · 226 ppmVery Hard~$1,056/yr65Wichita Falls, TX13.1 GPG · 224 ppmVery Hard~$1,048/yr66Kearney, NE12.9 GPG · 221 ppmVery Hard~$1,032/yr67San Bernardino, CA12.9 GPG · 221 ppmVery Hard~$1,032/yr68Abilene, TX12.8 GPG · 219 ppmVery Hard~$1,024/yr69Aurora, IL12.7 GPG · 217 ppmVery Hard~$1,016/yr70Grand Rapids, MI12.6 GPG · 215 ppmVery Hard~$1,008/yr71Casper, WY12.4 GPG · 212 ppmVery Hard~$992/yr72Gainesville, FL12.4 GPG · 212 ppmVery Hard~$992/yr73Springfield, MO12.4 GPG · 212 ppmVery Hard~$992/yr74Omaha, NE12 GPG · 205 ppmVery Hard~$960/yr75Peoria, IL11.9 GPG · 203 ppmVery Hard~$952/yr76Dayton, OH11.8 GPG · 202 ppmVery Hard~$944/yr77Lincoln, NE11.8 GPG · 202 ppmVery Hard~$944/yr78Red Deer, AB11.8 GPG · 202 ppmVery Hard~$944/yr79Ann Arbor, MI11.7 GPG · 200 ppmVery Hard~$936/yr80Kingston, ON11.6 GPG · 198 ppmHard~$928/yr81Nampa, ID11.6 GPG · 198 ppmHard~$928/yr82Tucson, AZ11.5 GPG · 197 ppmHard~$920/yr83Norman, OK11.4 GPG · 195 ppmHard~$912/yr84Sparks, NV11.4 GPG · 195 ppmHard~$912/yr85Columbia, MO11.2 GPG · 191 ppmHard~$896/yr86Ogden, UT11.2 GPG · 191 ppmHard~$896/yr87Rapid City, SD11.2 GPG · 191 ppmHard~$896/yr88Wichita, KS11 GPG · 188 ppmVery Hard~$880/yr89Billings, MT10.8 GPG · 185 ppmHard~$864/yr90Springfield, IL10.8 GPG · 185 ppmHard~$864/yr91Austin, TX10.5 GPG · 180 ppmHard~$840/yr92Fresno, CA10.5 GPG · 180 ppmHard~$840/yr93Oklahoma City, OK10.5 GPG · 180 ppmHard~$840/yr94Tampa, FL10.5 GPG · 180 ppmHard~$840/yr95Modesto, CA10.4 GPG · 178 ppmHard~$832/yr96Grande Prairie, AB10.2 GPG · 174 ppmHard~$816/yr97Waco, TX10.2 GPG · 175 ppmHard~$816/yr98Pueblo, CO9.8 GPG · 168 ppmHard~$784/yr99Tyler, TX9.8 GPG · 168 ppmHard~$784/yr100Windsor, ON9.8 GPG · 168 ppmHard~$784/yr101Huntsville, AL9.7 GPG · 166 ppmHard~$776/yr102Cheyenne, WY9.6 GPG · 164 ppmHard~$768/yr103Evansville, IN9.6 GPG · 164 ppmHard~$768/yr104Fort McMurray, AB9.4 GPG · 161 ppmHard~$752/yr105Toledo, OH9.4 GPG · 161 ppmHard~$752/yr106Stockton, CA9.2 GPG · 157 ppmHard~$736/yr107Fort Worth, TX9 GPG · 154 ppmHard~$720/yr108Lexington, KY9 GPG · 155 ppmHard~$720/yr109Santa Fe, NM8.8 GPG · 150 ppmHard~$704/yr110Knoxville, TN8.6 GPG · 147 ppmHard~$688/yr111Dallas, TX8.5 GPG · 145 ppmHard~$680/yr112Clarksville, TN8.4 GPG · 144 ppmHard~$672/yr113Great Falls, MT8.4 GPG · 144 ppmHard~$672/yr114Akron, OH8.2 GPG · 140 ppmHard~$656/yr115Racine, WI8.1 GPG · 138 ppmHard~$648/yr116Chicago, IL8 GPG · 137 ppmHard~$640/yr117Huntington, WV8 GPG · 136.7 ppmHard~$640/yr118Sacramento, CA8 GPG · 137 ppmHard~$640/yr119Chattanooga, TN7.9 GPG · 135 ppmHard~$632/yr120Shreveport, LA7.8 GPG · 133 ppmHard~$624/yr121Spokane, WA7.7 GPG · 131 ppmHard~$616/yr122Louisville, KY7.5 GPG · 128 ppmModerate~$600/yr123Kamloops, BC7.4 GPG · 127 ppmHard~$592/yr124Philadelphia, PA7.4 GPG · 127 ppmHard~$592/yr125Montgomery, AL6.8 GPG · 116 ppmHard~$544/yr126Washington, DC6.8 GPG · 117 ppmModerate~$544/yr127Winston-Salem, NC6.8 GPG · 116 ppmHard~$544/yr128Cincinnati, OH6.6 GPG · 113 ppmModerate~$528/yr129Cleveland, OH6.5 GPG · 111 ppmModerate~$520/yr130Greeley, CO6.2 GPG · 106 ppmHard~$496/yr131Lafayette, LA6.2 GPG · 106 ppmHard~$496/yr132Minneapolis, MN6 GPG · 103 ppmModerate~$480/yr133Jackson, MS5.8 GPG · 99 ppmModerate~$464/yr134Pittsburgh, PA5.8 GPG · 100 ppmModerate~$464/yr135Thunder Bay, ON5.8 GPG · 99 ppmModerate~$464/yr136Columbus, OH5.7 GPG · 97 ppmModerate~$456/yr137Denver, CO5.7 GPG · 97 ppmModerate~$456/yr138Detroit, MI5.6 GPG · 96 ppmModerate~$448/yr139Houston, TX5.6 GPG · 96 ppmModerate~$448/yr140Columbia, SC5.4 GPG · 92 ppmModerate~$432/yr141Fort Collins, CO5.4 GPG · 92 ppmModerate~$432/yr142Abbotsford, BC5.2 GPG · 89 ppmModerate~$416/yr143Durham, NC5.2 GPG · 89 ppmModerate~$416/yr144Nashville, TN5.2 GPG · 89 ppmModerate~$416/yr145Buffalo, NY5.1 GPG · 86 ppmModerate~$408/yr146Fayetteville, NC5.1 GPG · 87 ppmModerate~$408/yr147Augusta, GA4.8 GPG · 82 ppmModerate~$384/yr148St. Paul, MN4.8 GPG · 82.1 ppmModerate~$384/yr149Albany, NY4.4 GPG · 75 ppmModerate~$352/yr150Fayetteville, AR4.4 GPG · 75 ppmModerate~$352/yr151Greenville, SC4.2 GPG · 72 ppmModerate~$336/yr152Savannah, GA4.1 GPG · 70 ppmModerate~$328/yr153Richmond, VA3.9 GPG · 67 ppmModerate~$312/yr154South Burlington, VT3.9 GPG · 66.9 ppmModerate~$312/yr155Burlington, VT3.6 GPG · 62.1 ppmModerate~$288/yr156Anchorage, AK3.3 GPG · 56 ppmSoft~$264/yr157Virginia Beach, VA3 GPG · 51.5 ppmSoft~$240/yr158New Haven, CT2.7 GPG · 46 ppmSoft~$216/yr159Providence, RI2.5 GPG · 42 ppmSoft~$200/yr160Warwick, RI2.5 GPG · 42.2 ppmSoft~$200/yr161Charleston, WV2.4 GPG · 41.4 ppmSoft~$192/yr162Memphis, TN2.4 GPG · 40 ppmSoft~$192/yr163Worcester, MA2.4 GPG · 41.8 ppmSoft~$192/yr164Oakland, CA2 GPG · 34 ppmSoft~$0/yr165Charlotte, NC1.8 GPG · 31 ppmSoft~$0/yr166Seattle, WA1.8 GPG · 31 ppmSoft~$0/yr167Raleigh, NC1.5 GPG · 25 ppmSoft~$0/yr168San Francisco, CA1.5 GPG · 25 ppmSoft~$0/yr169Atlanta, GA1.4 GPG · 24 ppmSoft~$0/yr170Little Rock, AR1.35 GPG · 23 ppmSoft~$0/yr171Eugene, OR1.1 GPG · 19 ppmSoft~$0/yr172Portland, OR1.1 GPG · 20 ppmSoft~$0/yr173Boston, MA1 GPG · 17 ppmSoft~$0/yr174Hartford, CT0.9 GPG · 16 ppmSoft~$0/yr
Annual cost is an estimate anchored to the Water Quality Research Foundation's ~$800/year national average, scaled by hardness. See individual city pages for the full breakdown and methodology.