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Burwash Landing Water Is Hard — Here's What It Costs You Each Year
7.6 GPG · 130 ppm · +17% vs Canadian average · 2017 report
Source: Kluane First Nation, 2017 report
HardBurwash Landing water is hard at 7.6 GPG (130 ppm). Scale and spotting are noticeable, and a softener or conditioner is worth considering.
How we calculate this: based on the Battelle Memorial Institute study commissioned by the Water Quality Association (WQA), hard water is estimated to cost the average affected household roughly $800/year in 2010 dollars (~$1,230 today, after ~54% inflation). We scale that by 7.6 GPG versus a ~10 GPG reference. The percentages above come from the Battelle Memorial Institute study (commissioned by WQRF), the US Department of Energy, and the Water Quality Association. This is an estimate — not a certified per-household figure — and actual savings vary by water use, fuel type, and local rates.
Hardness
Parts per million
vs Canadian average
Contaminants above EWG guideline
How Burwash Landing Compares
Water hardness scale
| Classification | Grains per gallon (GPG) | mg/L (ppm) | What it means |
|---|---|---|---|
| Soft | 0–3.5 | 0–60 | No scale; softener unnecessary. |
| Slightly Hard | 3.5–7 | 60–120 | Minor spotting; conditioning optional. |
| Hard← your water | 7–10.5 | 120–180 | Visible scale; softener recommended. |
| Very Hard | 10.5+ | 180+ | Heavy scale; whole-home softener strongly recommended. |

Why Is Burwash Landing Water So Hard?
Burwash Landing draws its water from groundwater, and that’s the whole story behind the 7.6 GPG reading. The community sits on the shore of Kluane Lake, but the wells aren’t pulling from the lake itself. They’re tapping into the aquifer beneath the valley floor, and that aquifer runs through some mineral-rich ground. Here’s what happens. Rain and snowmelt in the surrounding Kluane Range and the Shakwak Valley percolate down through the soil and fractured bedrock. As that water travels, it picks up carbon dioxide from the soil and becomes slightly acidic. That mild acidity acts like a solvent on the limestone and dolomite deposits common in the region’s glacial till and sedimentary layers. The water dissolves calcium and magnesium carbonates right out of the rock, and once those minerals are in solution, they don’t come back out. That’s hard water, plain and simple. The glacial history of the area matters too. The Shakwak Valley was carved and re-carved by ice, and the retreating glaciers left behind thick deposits of ground-up rock flour and till. That material is loaded with fresh, unweathered mineral surfaces, which means the groundwater has an abundant supply of calcium and magnesium to dissolve. It’s not that the water is dirty, far from it. It’s just that the water has spent a long time in contact with mineral-rich earth, and it’s carrying the evidence of that journey. At 7.6 GPG, Burwash Landing sits just above the USGS threshold of 7 GPG for “hard” water. That’s above the national average of about 7.3 GPG, so you’re not imagining it if your soap doesn’t lather the way it should. The hardness here is real, and it’s baked into the local geology. ## How Burwash Landing Compares to Nearby Cities
The neighboring communities in the Kluane region face a similar situation, and that’s not a coincidence. They’re all drawing from the same type of groundwater sources, the same glacial till and sedimentary aquifers that define the Shakwak Valley. If you’re in Destruction Bay, just down the shore of Kluane Lake, you’re likely dealing with comparable hardness because the geology doesn’t change much over those few kilometers. The same rock formations and glacial deposits that make Burwash Landing’s water hard extend through the valley. Haines Junction, about 60 kilometers to the southeast, sits in the same geological corridor. Its water comes from wells too, and those wells tap into similar glacial and sedimentary deposits. The hardness numbers may vary slightly from well to well, but the underlying cause is the same. You’re not going to find dramatically softer water just by driving down the Alaska Highway. That’s the thing about groundwater in this part of the Yukon. The hardness isn’t a quirk of one particular well. It’s a regional characteristic, a product of the mountains, the glaciers, and the rock that defines the entire Kluane area. If you live in Burwash Landing and you’re dealing with scale buildup on faucets or a water heater that seems to die young, the same complaint would likely apply to your neighbors up and down the valley. The practical side of this is straightforward. At 7.6 GPG, you’re in the range where scale builds faster on heating elements and pipes. The EPA doesn’t regulate hardness as a health hazard, it’s purely an aesthetic and nuisance issue, but nuisance can get expensive. Based on the WQA-commissioned Battelle Memorial Institute study, hard water is estimated to cost the average affected household more each year in extra energy, premature appliance wear, and additional cleaning products — see the cost calculator on this page for the number scaled to this city’s actual hardness. And Battelle’s research shows that scale of just a quarter inch can knock up to 40% off your water heater’s efficiency, per the DOE. So if you’re in Burwash Landing and your water heater seems to struggle, it’s not in your head. The geology gave you hard water, and the hard water is working against your appliances. That’s the deal when you live on top of mineral-rich glacial deposits. It’s not a health concern, but it is a maintenance reality.
How does Burwash Landing stack up against the rest of Yukon? It's hard at 7.6 GPG — Deep Creek, Faro, and Ross River sit nearby with different numbers. See the full hardest-water ranking for context.
See where Burwash Landing sits on the Yukon water hardness map →
Want the broader explainer on what hardness actually is and how it behaves? Read hard water vs. soft water, explained.
What 7.6 GPG Actually Does to a Burwash Landing Home
At 7.6 GPG, hard water stops being subtle in a Burwash Landing home. Here's what it actually does:
- Water heater efficiency drop. The US Department of Energy (and its equivalent studies) attribute scale as the single biggest efficiency killer in hard-water homes — at 7.6 GPG, your heater operates roughly 6% below where it would on soft water, which shows up directly on the energy bill.
- Fixture and glassware scale. White mineral deposits build on faucets, showerheads, and dishes within weeks of cleaning.
- More detergent. The Water Quality Association notes hard water can require 50–75% more soap to achieve the same cleaning — and fabrics wear faster from mineral abrasion in the wash cycle.
- Shortened appliance life. Dishwashers, washing machines, and water heaters accumulate internal scale that quietly cuts their service life.
The Battelle Memorial Institute's study — commissioned by the Water Quality Research Foundation — is the cleanest proof: water heaters on untreated hard water failed in under 2 years of the 10-year test, while identical units on softened water ran the full decade. The mineral damage is real and measurable.
Do You Need a Water Softener in Burwash Landing?
Yes, for most homes. At 7.6 GPG, Burwash Landing water is hard enough that a whole-house ion-exchange softener pays for itself — through longer appliance life, less detergent, and less descaling. The Battelle water-heater finding alone (untreated units failing in under 2 years) makes the case at this hardness.
At 7.6 GPG a salt-free conditioner will reduce scale but won't remove the minerals — you'll still get the soap and skin effects. For actual softening, ion exchange (a traditional softener) is what removes hardness.
What Size Softener Does Burwash Landing Need?
Sizing a softener is a two-number equation: your household's daily water use × your hardness. The rule of thumb is grains per day = (people) × (75 gallons) × (GPG).
- At 7.6 GPG, a family of four uses roughly 2,280 grains of hardness per day.
- A 32,000–48,000-grain softener regenerates roughly every 11–17 days — within the 3–7 day window that keeps salt and water use efficient.
- Round up, not down: an undersized unit regenerates too often and wastes salt. Metered (on-demand) regeneration saves the most salt and water.
For Burwash Landing at 7.6 GPG, a 32,000–48,000-grain metered softener is the safe default for a 3–4 person home. A larger household, or one with unusually high water use, should size up to 64,000 grains.
What Are the Signs of Hard Water in a Burwash Landing Home?
At 7.6 GPG (130 ppm), Burwash Landing residents notice significant hard-water effects. The USGS classifies water above 7 GPG as hard and notes it causes measurable physical damage to plumbing and appliances.
- White or grey crust on faucet aerators, showerheads, and around drains — calcium carbonate depositing as water evaporates.
- Spotty glassware even after a full dishwasher cycle — mineral film left behind when water dries.
- Falling water-heater efficiency — scale insulates the heating element, forcing the unit to work harder and pushing up the energy bill.
- Flat, stiff hair — calcium bonds to hair proteins and prevents shampoo from rinsing clean.
- Dry, itchy skin — dissolved minerals disrupt the skin's moisture barrier.
- Weak soap lather — hardness ions react with soap to form insoluble scum instead of suds.
- Shorter appliance life — washing machines, dishwashers, and coffee makers accumulate internal scale.
The Battelle Memorial Institute study commissioned by the Water Quality Research Foundation found untreated very-hard-water heaters failed in under 2 years, versus a full 10 years on softened water. At Burwash Landing's 7.6 GPG, that equipment degradation compounds faster than most homeowners expect.

What's in Burwash Landing's water
Detected contaminants reported for Kluane First Nation.
Source: Yukon Government — public water supply system report.
Detailed contaminant data for Burwash Landing isn't available yet. Check your utility's annual (CCR) water-quality report linked below.
Best Treatment for Burwash Landing Homes
At 7.6 GPG you want actual removal, not just scale prevention. Two pieces of equipment cover most needs:
Fleck 5600SXT Whole-House Softener
The industry-standard residential softener. Metered regeneration saves salt and water; 48,000-grain capacity handles Burwash Landing's 7.6 GPG for a family of four. Digital control head, 10-year tank warranty. This is what most local plumbers install.
check current price
Check price on Amazon →APEC ROES-50 Reverse Osmosis (drinking water)
The softener handles hardness; the under-sink RO handles everything you drink. Removes disinfection byproducts, chromium-6, and other contaminants a softener leaves untouched.
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Check price on Amazon →
A whole-house water softener pays for itself in roughly 13 months at Burwash Landing's hardness level — after that, the savings accrue every year.
How Do You Test Water Hardness in Burwash Landing?
This page reports Burwash Landing's system-wide average (7.6 GPG), but your tap can vary slightly by neighborhood, pipe age, and in-home filtration. For a step-by-step, see how to test your water hardness at home — it walks through test strips, the free soap-shake check, TDS meters, titration kits, and certified lab tests.
- Test strips (~$10) give a GPG reading in about 30 seconds and are accurate enough to decide whether to invest in treatment.
- TDS meter (~$15) measures total dissolved solids, a rough hardness proxy — but it doesn't separate hardness from other minerals.
- Lab test — most water treatment companies in Burwash Landing offer free in-home tests (expect a sales pitch); for an independent result, the EPA maintains a list of certified labs.
Note: the EPA doesn't regulate hardness (it's a nuisance, not a health hazard), but the EWG Tap Water Database tracks contaminants above health guidelines for Burwash Landing's utility — see the table below.
Compare Burwash Landing to Other Yukon Cities
Other Hard Water Cities
Explore More
Frequently asked questions
Is Burwash Landing water hard or soft?
Burwash Landing, Yukon water is hard at 7.6 grains per gallon (130 ppm). That is considered hard enough to cause scale buildup and spotting.
How much does hard water cost the average Burwash Landing household?
Based on the WQA-commissioned Battelle Memorial Institute study, hard water is estimated to cost the average affected household roughly $800/year in 2010 dollars (~$1,230 today after ~54% inflation) — an estimate, not a measured per-household figure. Scaled to Burwash Landing's 7.6 GPG hardness, that works out to about $935/year (or ~$77.92/month) for a typical home — see the calculator on this page for the full breakdown.
Does Burwash Landing need a water softener?
Likely — at 7.6 GPG you'll see spotting and scale, and a softener or salt-free conditioner will help.
Why is Burwash Landing's water hard?
Hardness comes from the geology of Burwash Landing's water source. Groundwater (well system) dissolves calcium and magnesium as water moves through the ground, and those dissolved minerals are what "hard water" means.
How do I test my water hardness in Burwash Landing?
Use a home test kit (test strips for a quick read, or a TDS meter for dissolved solids), or check your utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR). For lab-accurate results, send a sample to a certified lab.
Who supplies Burwash Landing's water?
Burwash Landing water is supplied by Kluane First Nation. Its annual water quality report (Consumer Confidence Report) is the authoritative source for local hardness and contaminant levels.
What's the difference between grains per gallon and ppm?
1 GPG (grains per gallon) equals 17.1 ppm (mg/L). To convert: 7.6 GPG × 17.1 = ~130 ppm. Water is "hard" above roughly 7 GPG (120 ppm).
Sources & data
Hardness and water-quality data compiled from authoritative public sources.
- Kluane First Nation — primary hardness/water-quality source
- Kluane First Nation — annual water quality report (CCR)
- Health Canada — Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality
- Government of Canada — Water quality
- USGS — Water Hardness
- Water Quality Association — Scale & Hardness
- EPA — Drinking Water Regulations
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